REBT course

graham nichols

REBT (Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy) Practitioner Certification - Beginner to Professional


Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy, REBT, is a type of therapy that tries to recognise irrational beliefs and thoughts that may be negative, maybe even self degrading and turn them around in a person to help them achieve their potential. These kinds of thoughts usually hold a person back in doing anything and have to be addressed. Introduced by Albert Ellis in the 1950s it has been used by therapists to help many people.

The ABC of REBT

REBT works on the principle that certain emotive behaviours are triggered or activated A. A person has many preconceived notions or beliefs B because of his or her upbringing and environment. And the resulting behaviour or consequences C.

ABC
activation
belief
consequence

Activation

Somebody activates your thinking by an emotional event which is when you start believing possible irrational beliefs and the consequences are that you think you can or cannot do something.

Pre requisites and pre supposition

There are a certain number of prerequisites that one has to keep in mind. These presuppositions are that it human beings are fallible but not broken.

Flexibility of thought.

Your thoughts must be flexible. One should not limit him or herself to certain notions.

Reactionary type of behavior means that you do not act or initiate but react to everything. 

Human beings are fallible but not broken

None of your clients are broken. 

Accepting ourselves and situations

Don't judge others. Give space and opportunity.

 Good Psychological and mental health. 

No making excuses and blaming others

UnConditional acceptance

Changing irrational beliefs

Challenge beliefs to change. 

Core rational

Change is not in therapy room

Clients will have to change themselves

Communication

You cannot fix anybody

If you want more - take more action that allow you to do it.

Distinction of Good emotional health

Take responsibility of your own behaviour

Discover the joy in taking calculated risks

Therapeutic relationship

Freud personality emotion model

Emotional mind

ID - people who don't care

Self worth - high

Intelligent mind

Ego-good moral and values

Intelligent mind

Calculated risk

Analytical mind

Super ego

Can't do this and that

Over analyse

Self worth - low

Albert Ellis??

Labelling people and box people as someone - depressed, ADHD, Libran

Responsibility is the ability to respond

Emotional mind

Intelligent mind

Analytical mind

Consequences of ABC

Section 5

People talk about consequences first

Expecting to be treated fairly like we want to treat others

Unhealthy negative emotions

Anger, anxiety, stress etc.

Healthy anger can help you change, but unhealthy anger will not help you change

Emotional consequence - overthinking

Meta emotional consequences - where are we going

Limiting beliefs - maybe because of experience

Note to self: add business and investing in your syllabus - also invest in your self - what is investing? 

Meta model - NLP

Activation and triggers - what triggers delimitation?

Situational activation and critical activation

Events that create emotions and limiting ideas eg. Someone's death or some event that happened years ago

Perpetuating beliefs

Perpetuating rational beliefs

Negative and inflexible beliefs

Taking concious decisions

Repetition creates skills - also creates confidence

Trying to find approval of everybody - not possible.

Do you want to please everyone?

I should never be angry. Is that possible?

I should never be depressed. Is that possible?

Are you good enough. Will you ever be?

Others should treat me fairly. Is that right?

Should be right every time.

Nobody should criticise me. I don't like to be corrected.

I should get what I want when I want it.

Things should always go their way.

Can't deal with situations. 

I am super human.

Helping children all the time.

Are you good enough?

You feel good enough most of the time. But when you don't you stop yourself.

The positive good enough - don't be a perfectionist.

The negative good enough - don't hold back.

Is it knowledge? Then get it.

Situational events. Getting upset at situations and events and then colouring everything negatively. 

Example all women are bad. All men cannot be trusted. All Muslims are terrorists.

Perpetuating beliefs. 

Like a box of beliefs they keep. They will not change their belief. 

If you are focusing on something and although you believe it is bad then you will never be able to avoid it even after trying.

My notes: there are 3 types of people. One who will run away from any challenge. 2 people who will fight the challenges in which they are thrown but will avoid other challenges mauve because of the comfort zones. Other who are constantly putting themselves up for challenges.

Subjective unit of distress SUD

Subjective unit of experience SUE

Albert Ellis

Do we have patterns and daily routines that hold us back.

Doing the same things but expecting different results.

Contributing selflessly

Being a role model

learning to delegate

how do leaders get problem solved. Is it their job to solve every problem or get the problem solved.

how to start working from home

Who can start writing from home

What to do you need

The heart of the tree by Henry Bunner

The summary:

The heart of the tree is a poem written by Henry Bunner, an American writer.

What does he plant who plants a tree?
He plants a friend of sun and sky;
He plants the flag of breezes free;
The shaft of beauty towering high;
He plants a home to heaven anigh;
For song and mother-croon of bird
In hushed and happy twilight heard—
The treble of heaven’s harmony—
These things he plants who plants a tree.

What does he plant who plants a tree?
He plants cool shade and tender rain,
And seed and bud of days to be,
And years that fade and flush again
He plants the glory of the plain;
He plants the forest’s heritage;
The harvest of a coming age;
The joy that unborn eyes shall see—
These things he plants who plants a tree.

What does he plant who plants a tree?
He plants in sap and leaf and wood,
In love of home and loyalty
And far-cast thought of civic good—
His blessings on the neighbourhood,
Who in the hollow of His hand
Holds all the growth of all our land—
A nation’s growth from sea to sea
Stirs in his heart who plants a tree.

The poet appreciates a person who plants a tree and through this appreciation he enumerates the benefits of planting a tree.
some of the benefits he lists are:
Trees give shade from the sun
THey are a home to birds
Trees give oxygen
trees have the potential to turn into green forests that will be a joy for coming generations.

The poem is very appropriate to our times where we are expanding our cities, cutting down trees and encroaching into the forest for the lust of urbanization.

Read the full stanza first.

What does he plant who plants a tree?
He plants a friend of sun and sky;
He plants the flag of breezes free;
The shaft of beauty towering high;
He plants a home to heaven anigh;
For song and mother-croon of bird
In hushed and happy twilight heard—
The treble of heaven’s harmony—
These things he plants who plants a tree.

the poet starts by asking the question

What does he plant who plants a tree?

Then starts answering his own question.

He plants a friend of sun and sky;

the trees usually grow upwards towards the sun and the sun is such an important part of a trees life. Also probably talking about photosynthesis here and making oxygen in the process.

he may also imply that the hot and scorching sun and the wind that can harm humans and animals become more friendly because of the trees. The trees give shade and hold the soil together.

He plants the flag of breezes free;

The poet describes the tree as a flag that flutters in the breeze. He is probably talking about trees swaying in the breeze or the leaves of the tree trembling in the wind. The trunk of the tree is the pole of the flag.

The shaft of beauty towering high;

Here he mentions the trunk by name. Towering high means tall majestic trees.

He plants a home to heaven anigh

Anigh means near.
He further describes the tree as a home near the heaven. Heaven is often used as another word for sky.

For song and mother-croon of bird

Croon means sing softly.
He builds this home for the mother bird that sings for everybody especially its children.

In hushed and happy twilight heard—

Hushed means softly and twilight means the light during sunset.
this means that during evening time when most sounds fade and you hear the happy sounds of animals, birds and insects

The treble of heaven’s harmony—

Treble means high pitched sound

Harmony usually means everyone living together without fear.

It also means a combination of sounds to make one composition of music.

These things he plants who plants a tree.

This way he lists what planting a tree means.

If you look at the stanza as a whole. Then you realize that the poet is enumerating the qualities of a tree.
He says the tree is a friend of the sun and sky.
It is like a flag fluttering in the breeze.
A flag that almost touches the sky.
A towering beauty, that is like a home near heaven.
Because like heaven it has music in it.
The music is of birds who make their nest in the tree.
and sing during the evening time when all creatures are returning to their homes.



What does he plant who plants a tree?

So the poet starts with the question again.
Maybe he wants to enumerate more qualities of the tree and list the benefits of planting a tree

He plants cool shade and tender rain,

The tree provides shade and from the sun and rain
It is interesting to note that in the second line of the first stanza the poet talks about sun and sky and here he talks about shade and rain. Shade has to be provided from the sun and rain is usually in poetic language said to fall from the skies.

And seed and bud of days to be,
as the tree grows older it bears fruit that provide seeds for new trees. And bud means new and small flowers that will helps grow more fruit through polination

And years that fade and flush again

the tree will stand the test of time and witness years that have changing seasons that will have times of rain and spring when the gardens and forests are flush with greenery and plants and summer and autumn when the plants will have little or no leaves and the fields will turn brown.

He plants the glory of the plain;

The tree is the glory of any field or plain. It has many uses in a plain one of them being holding the soil together to avoid soil erosion

He plants the forest’s heritage;

One tree has the potential to turn the area into a forest. Heritage means something that is handed down generations or that belongs to someone particular. Here the tree is owned by the forest. It belongs in the forest.

The harvest of a coming age;

As the tree will grow older and stronger it will bear fruit that future generations will be able to enjoy.

The joy that unborn eyes shall see—

There are many yet to be born and they shall be overjoyed to find a tree that is an important part of the ecosystem that thrives to keep nature alive. This line also means the future generations will enjoy the fruits of the tree.

These things he plants who plants a tree.

The stanza is looked upon as a whole suggests that the tree will stand the test of time. It will become a forest in the years to come. It will bear many fruits in the coming and going of the seasons every year. In the process it will also witness many generations of other creatures including humans, birds, animals and other plants be born. grow and die. For them it will be a thing of beauty and benefit.

What does he plant who plants a tree?
He plants in sap and leaf and wood,
In love of home and loyalty
And far-cast thought of civic good—
His blessings on the neighbourhood,
Who in the hollow of His hand
Holds all the growth of all our land—
A nation’s growth from sea to sea
Stirs in his heart who plants a tree.

What does he plant who plants a tree?
The poet once again asks the question, so that he can further elaborate the benefits of planting a tree.

He plants in sap and leaf and wood,
Sap leaf and wood are all parts of the tree. So in a way the person who plants a tree is planting all of these each of which are useful to man

In love of home and loyalty
home here could be mother earth that is home to all living creatures we know. It could also mean the home that we live in, our locality or area or country where we reside. And planting a tree is definitely going to help all the mentioned places showing the loyalty of the person.

And far-cast thought of civic good—
Far cast should mean envisioning or thinking about the future generations and the good it will do to them

His blessings on the neighbourhood,
His blessings could mean the benefits of planting a tree such as clean air and beauty in the vicinity

Who in the hollow of His hand
It is the way we hold something small. In the palm of the hand.

Holds all the growth of all our land—
He holds one seed but it is something that can grow and benefit all the land.

A nation’s growth from sea to sea
A country too can benefit from planting of trees. Sea to sea may mean border to border. In other words the whole nation. In a larger perspective sea to sea can also mean coast to coast or all of the land regardless of political borders.

Stirs in his heart who plants a tree.
Which means that any person who wants to plant trees has a kind heart that thinks of the well being of other humans.

The whole stanza could be seen as the vision of the man who plants the tree. He is planting something that will give products such as sap, wood and leaf which have different uses. The tree will give oxygen to the local population and when it multiplies into a forest it will give fruits and oxygen and other benefits to the whole nation and the earth.

brings the heaven near to earth?






heavens anigh - creates heaven nearby
answring of his own qquestion.

second stanza corresponds to the the first stanza? sun and sky - shade and rain 

the full circle of core values

Check Ramsay

comfort zone??

Core values

Core value elicitation demonstration 117

Finding out what are your vote values and priorities.

Articulating our thoughts and opinions about our life and how we live it. 

Talking about comfort zones and how we are afraid to step out of them because they mean uncertainty. People need certainty and stability. Like women who want commitment. They are looking for security. So certainty, security, stability and comfort zone becomes one and the same. 

In the one hand there are people - maybe the same people who are looking for freedom, and excitement. These people will have to take risks. And hope that what they believe comes true. Because risk taking means stepping out of your comfort zone. Walking on the roads of uncertainty, insecurity. 

But what will these guys achieve? Fulfillment, growth and excitement. They work with hope and faith. They may achieve significance. 

But they will learn for joy and intimacy. Which comes from genuine connections. For this they look for stable and secure relations. In which case they've come a full circle.

learning from other people's mistakes

Always learn from your own mistakes. Do not stop yourself from doing something because someone else doesn't feel it is the right thing to do. Does that extend to drugs and drinking. Jumping off a cliff. The suicides of the city where young people were killing themselves and it was a trend. People who failed at something in science and other people tried and succeeded.

Learning from other people's mistakes is also important. Reading books. Tried and tested methods.

The Psychology of Marketing

1. The superiority complex

The Aryan theory

The Arab theory

The white supremacy - klu Klux clan, Hitler, Christian - inquisition, the Chinese Mao ideology,  Stalin - communism,  the Japanese, babar - relating to chengis Khan, the Greek Utopia, the caste system of India, the money experiment - money the new caste

2. The authority figure

The eyes posters, the tyrant and leaders posters everywhere

3. The others

The dog and the crow, is and them, Aryans and Dravidian

cognitive psychology

Introduction

Is part of psychology that deals with memories, assumptions etc

An observation of brain impaired patients showed that people recognised either living or non living things easily 

Category-specific impairments II: experimental and

neuroimaging methods page 26

why companies fall

In one sentence they fall because of lack of innovation and fear of sharing.

Kodak - was busy in promoting film (old style camera for those who don't know). Do you know: Kodak invented the digital camera and the digital camera killed the company. That is because they did not want to release the digital camera as long as film was working.

A mind for numbers

HuTu
Barbara Oakley

Findings somethings here and there.

Find some in success plan:

Creativiy - do you have ideas or live creating things but are afraid to bring it out for fear of failure.

Overcome your fears

Are you doing something that can be attempted only once? If not then try it fearlessly and redo if you fall

Criticism and nay Sayers are welcome. Contemplate what they say, but whatever they say should not stop you from trying.

You don't have to be agreeable to everybody. If someone gets offended by your ideas let them be.

Paul's technique for limited time study. Page 83-84
Preventing procrastination
“The dread of doing a task uses
up more time and energy than doing the task itself. Rita Emmett, procrastination expert.
Is that system 2 of thinking fast and slow in working?
Thinking or even setting about doing the actual work actually triggers pain receptors.
Is that the goose bumps or anxiety attack you get before doing something new, meeting someone for the first time or give a public speech.
Procrastination is actually taking into the comfort zone

Zombies everywhere 92

Get into the Flow by Focusing on Process, 98

Chunking vs choking 106
Repetition and recall to memorize thoroughly
Also repeat skills to be expert.
Recall anywhere you are. Don't waste time.
Knowledge collapse. What is it? A sudden realisation nothing makes sense. After having learned some. In which case organise add neatly as possible.
Organise all your study material

Testing Is a Powerful Learning Experience, 111
The testing effect - for remembering better

Tools tips and tricks 117

Dressing up or prepping up, choosing a special place to do the work, planning helps in doing the work.
Buddha in blue jeans - Tai Sheridan
Looking forward to something positive in the day
Not Focus on why you can't do it. Focus on why you should.

Ultimate zombie alliance ,119

Planning. Making weekly goals and following then with daily goals. 5 to 10 not more. Write them down. Diary, app or whiteboard. Remember to Rick then off when you finish. Break down bigger tasks.
Distraction apps: freedom paid. Stay focused : Chrome app, Leechblock fire fox app. Meetimer

Goal setting sites:
43 things
Stikk
Coffee noises: coffitivity

The place you sit should be distraction free.

COPING WITH LIFE’S TOUGHEST CHALLENGES USING MAGICAL MATH
MARINATION, page 127

Let the problem marinate. Think about it and store it in the back of your mind.

No short bursts of energy and activity but a consistent planned calendar.

Adrenaline induced activities are ok under certain levels of stress, but high levels of stress can limit your ability to think clearly. So I work best under stress or with my back against the wall or when I am in the corner is a flimsy excuse to procrastinate.

What about rationality when choosing a passion career?

Procrastination FAQs, 133

Break down bigger tasks to smaller, even micro tasks to finish then easily.

You can be habituated into procrastination. It becomes hard to break out of the habit. The solution is creating other habits. Success habits.

It's easy to fool yourself into thinking you're good at something but something out and fear is holding you back. E.g. the fear of tests. You are good but don't do well in tests.

Always have backup plans in case of problems
In case of problems do a self study of what you could have done better.
Break down your larger tasks
Plan the night before
Reiterate in morning
Assessment in evening
Reward yourself
Delay rewards to you've finished
Punish-don't reward if you don't finish
East your frogs

Mind palace, songs and rhymes

SPATIAL ABILITIES CAN BE LEARNED, 147

Spatial = calculation about the direction,angle curvature of throwing a ball into a hoop

Spaced Repetition to Help Lodge Ideas, 150
New stuff for mnemonic

BEWARE OF MISTAKING A MEMORY TRICK , 154

The hand mind connection is strong and that's why many teachers recommend writing.
Note: this reminds me of Abdur Raheem use of hand. He used to call it tb something total body something. To learn hua huma hum.

Memory Tricks Help You Become an Expert, 157

Metaphors, stories, other than the usual repetition, music, mind mapping, writing.

Chapter 12
learning to appreciate your talent, 160

Expression in art Cajal the scientist - used to paint and photograph and he won a Nobel prize for neuroscience

Simplify and Personalize Whatever, 179

Transfer—Applying What You’ve Learned, 182
Poetry, creativity and imagination. You should know or learn about imagination and apply the concepts and formula you learned to other aspects, situations and subjects.

The Value of Great Teachers, 108

Niels Bohr lounging with Albert Einstein in 1925.,199

Group studies and group discussions are a great way to find mistakes.

test taking, 203

Test taking helps you remember.
Do not dive in to a test.
Start hard and jump to easy instead of starting with the easy problems.

Stress and anxiety breathing exercises and thinking about alternative reality instead of whatever is making  you anxious.

unlock your potential, 214
Go deep. Be consistent.
End of book September 25, 2019

A mind for numbers

Active focussed mode / diffuse mode

In diffuse mode your mind is thinking sub conciously about your problems. As you go deeper into the diffuse mode you may get the answer to your problems. Sleep but not totally. Keep keys in your hand while sitting when they fall and wake you up you will be between diffuse and active mode and will remember the solution your mind thought of. Who was the guy who did this? 2 examples from the book.

Einstellong 

Chunking memory

Why do Indian Muslims oppose an Israeli partnership

It is a pertinent question. Why do Indian Muslims oppose an India-Israeli partnership? Is it in their religion? To an extent it may be. While the Quran acknowledges Jews to be the people of the book and in that sense a promotes brotherhood among every one of the people of the book including Christians. It also warns that the Jews will be the biggest enemies of the Muslims because the belief systems of these faiths are very much connected. But it's that the reason to hold back your country to partner with them?

Muslims greatest complain against Israel is the Palestinian conflict. There have been enough human rights violations in Palestine by Israel to boycott the country and levy sanctions on them. Yet the country enjoys visual relationships with many countries. India too had pleasant relations with Israel, but the Congress government always underplayed it to keep its Muslim voters happy. The BJP with their we don't care about Muslims attitude openly flaunt this relationship because they feel by doing so they can take this cordial relation to the next level.

Many Muslims believe that Israel had a big hand in BJPs win for the parliamentary elections and their consequent wins because Israel had the technology power and the EVM machines have no fans back home. The credibility of the EVM machines is being questioned by all parties except for BJP even as this article is being written.

There is enough evidence that most of the banking system the world over is controlled by the Jews. Leading to the belief that the country's economy and therefore the fate of its citizens lie in their hands.

Last but most important the Israeli defence system needs continuous checks. And there are rumors on the net that this warfare technology is used against the Palestinians to test it's work ability. If we look for a better place to test these weapons, India with its vast population comes to mind. Is it possible that the BJP will go so far out to target citizens- Muslim, Christian, Dalit and Sikh to gain technological advances and business of manufacturing? Is this rumor true that Israel's human rights violations are not just violations but deliberate targeting of humans for target practice and treating humans worse than animals? Gau Raksha anyone.

Concentrating in class

Another year another batch of students to tackle. Tackle did I say? But it's true. That is because I liked to show them the ropes they simply want me to come, give a lecture and leave.
I teach English to class 10 students. I also teach English to people who wanna learn to talk and communicate in English. And I teach skills to students getting ready to face the world and people who want to turn their lives around so my approach to all teaching is to teach skills.
So the English students of class 10 SSC stare at me when I tell them I want to be better at English.

cognitive bias

Being successful. How do you achieve that?

That is a very relevant question, especially today since competition had increased in every field. The first question you need to ask yourself is what is success and what it means to you.

Choosing a field. Doing what is fun. Too much competition in all current designated fields. Creating your own path. Being relentless.

sas training in mumbai

SAS Training

SAS is one of the most sought-after programming languages by data scientists even after the emergence of a number of other languages. Since the last two decades, SAS has been in the market and has been at the forefront of development in data science. Even though programming language such as Python and R are gradually becoming popular among a large section of programmer and professionals, SAS still has a prestigious place among the users, and it is a prerequisite for a lot of high-level jobs in the field of data sciences. Skills in SAS are a necessity, and several establishments offering such training are rising. One can find several venues for SAS training in Mumbai. Several institutes offering data science training in Pune also offer training in SAS programming.

SAS offers a variety of features such as processing of data in RAM and parallel computation. SAS is considered one of the best data handling languages in the market, and after undergoing an extensive SAS training in Mumbai, one can become highly efficient in handling and managing data. SAS can be used for simulations that are sufficiently complex and for calculating the probability for the distribution of data. Using SAS for such operations are easy to attain from any institute for data science training in Pune.

SAS is a programming language that has considerable graphical abilities and has a set of very efficient functionalities. A thorough knowledge about SAS will help you in unleashing a huge number of possibilities. You will easily find an institution that offers a comprehensive SAS training in Mumbai. SAS being a popular programming language, there are many organizations that offer data science training in Pune that offer courses in SAS and walk you through all the ways to implement the functionality of SAS.

SAS has been the go-to programming language for companies and professionals since it has been time tested. The only drawback of SAS is the fact that it is a closed system which hinders any evolution making it lag behind in the fast-paced world of technology. However, companies choose this due to its adaptability and the reliability brought to the projects. You will be fully prepared to handle projects on a large scale by using SAS as soon as you go through any SAS training in Mumbai. You will also find a number of detailed courses from any institution that offers data science training in Pune.

Author Bio: I am a passionately curious student about data science and constantly research tools and processes related to this field. I have gone through an extensive course for SAS training in Mumbai. I have also gone through several other courses from an institute that offers data science training in Pune. Apart from R, Python is also something that I have expert knowledge in.  

How to Understand and Techniques to Memorize what you study

This topic though tackled in many forums is a very vast topic and cannot be comprehensively covered in one blog post or article. That is because all parts of the topic studying effectively, understanding what you study and memorizing what you study each need dedicated explanation.
It seems so easy to remember the latest songs and dialogues of our favourite stars,  but when it comes to remembering things in our study books our memory seems to fail us. In fact, I have had students who could remember complete songs and every dialogue of certain films,, but with regards to studies they were certified low memory. One of them even told me that he had been diagnosed as such. This behaviour begs the question: why does our memory fail us in some work. The catch word is interest. Without interest every effort will probably fail. However, if you would really like to remember what you study then read on.

How does memory work

The forgetting curve

To briefly understand how memory works let me remind you of your favourite dish. I don't know what dish you love but I am sure when I say that you'll remember the taste and the aroma along with the way it looks. You will probably even remember when and where you ate it last. That's how memory works. With interaction. If you have no interaction with certain things there will be no memory of them.

I believe there is a road or Street you walk every day and pass many other people on the way. But you remember only those whom you noticed. A man who sings or talks to himself, a person who was involved in some accident or a beautiful face. What do they have in common with regards to your memory? They attracted your attention or interest. There are a hundred others who pass you everyday, but you won't even know them if introduced. If anyone one of the the people who you noticed, say the man who sings along on the road is only seen once by you, then you will forget him in a couple of days. His face, his voice and his manner of singing are the the touch points you may have noticed. You will need at least a couple of them to remember him some days later. If he comes in front of you, it will be almost impossible to remember. However, if he sings then your chances of recall can increase. Similarly, if you see the beautiful face almost everyday for a month, you will recognise it almost anywhere even after a month. If you help the person involved in an accident and thereafter you meet him or her almost everyday for a month, you'll remember that person even after a year. So you see when the level of interaction increases the chances of remembering something or some one increases.

Basically we have short term and long term memories. A small interaction will trigger our short term memory and we will be able to recall it inside approximately five minutes. As time goes by the chances of recall grow dimmer. For a memory to become a long term memory the interaction will have to be impactful and consistent.

This is illustrated properly by the forgetting curve. Plotted by Edward iEbinghaus n the 1885 the graph illustrates how you can forget something you have have  remember. As time goes by the memory of something you thought you had memorized fades away. Slowly, but surely you will forget things unless you consciously review the thing you want to memorize. 

Biologically speaking the brain has neurons that store memories. However, these neurons don't work alone. They need other sources of stimuli to activate the memory. Basically electrical charges. In layman's language we can say these are triggers to a memory

How do we use this principal for studies

One big challenge that has been identified by many educationists is cognitive load. Most students are studying because they have to and not because they want to. So interest levels vary. To make things difficult the explanation of concepts is not broken down for the weakest of the student. Most classrooms work on the strongest students. The strongest or the most intelligent students, according to the teacher, may in fact be a child who understands the teachers learning style. In most cases standing in front of the class, reading and explaining the concept. Some may take the effort to explain with the help of the black board. However, all students are not accustomed to understanding the teachers oratory style. Honestly it is nothing to do with the teacher. But it is about the student. Here we need to understand learning styles and how children understand things.

Understanding is key

So when we talk of reducing cognitive load it means the easiest way to explain a concept. This is because understanding is the key to remembering concepts. Once you understand a concept then remembering it becomes easy.

Write it down

.vak who proposed it.

Students can have one or more learning styles.
Visual
Most students are visual learners. That means if the concept is explained to them in drawing format like charts graphs or moving images they can understand better.

Auditory learners remember what they've heard. So if you narrate things to them they will remember better. If it is in story format even better. Song format will probably do wonders. That's one reason why we remember songs easily and we used to be taught songs and poems in our childhood. Auditory learners should use phrases or acronyms to remember stuff like facts. One example bring vibgyor for colours of the rainbow. Violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red.

Kinaesthetic learners need to experience what they learn. Like do an experiment for themselves they need to be given real life examples. Keeping this in mind many schools recommend project work in class. The growing of potted plants, the cutting of potatoes to make colourful art projects and science experiments about physics and chemistry are loved by kinaesthetic learners. A simple act of writing down a definition or note will help a kinesthetic learner to remember longer.

Now you must have thought to yourself that these things happen in school and me or my child use more than one of these styles to learn. That's true. No person adheres to only one learning style. Although one of the learning style may be dominant.

Which brings us to the question if we understand something how do we make sure we remember what we understand.

Who is the adept method from??
.

The  adept method.

Learn about Pedagogy and Dr Hubbard

Adept is an acronym for analogy, drawing, example, plain language and technical definition.

Analogy is to draw likeness to what you are explaining. Teachers need to do this when they are teaching and students need to do this while revising. For example

Example means you compare the explanation with the simplest and real life example that you can.

Plain language
When learning try to break down the concept to the simplest words possible. Like Einstein said  If you can explain it to someone then it means you have understood it.

Remember Understanding is key. This is also the Feynman technique. Richard Feynman a Nobel prize winning physicist also known to his friends and fans as the great explainer, used to keep a book where he used to add concepts he did not understand. He kept adding more information about the concept till he understood it. Ultimately he used to break it down so that his students would understand easily. That way he remembered the concept well. When two great scientists ask you to understand and explain a concept then I believe you should take the advice.

The protégé effect
The explaining method is so popular that it had another name. The protege effect.

Technical definition
You should also make sense of the technical definition and remember it. Technical definition is breaking for of an idea in a practical way. It may have jargon but it shows you how a concept can be used practically.

Mind mapping

When trying to understand concepts mind mapping can be really helpful. Remember Feynman's book? Mind mapping is something like that. You write down the name of the concept you want to learn and understand in the middle of a page. Once you've done that you start spider web style adding information to that name. You are allowed to draw stuff when needed. So you can write an explanation. Then you can connect another information to that information. Maybe the thing that you are trying to learn has parts or divisions. All of them come around the name you've written in the center. This way you break down the idea and you can see it at one glance.

Upar all understanding hai

However, whatever you do there are some concepts that are a little tricky to memorize. In which case you use methods that have been tried and tested by memory experts

Spaced learning

All things said and done, there are still things that you need to memorize. Like names and dates in history and geography. Actual facts, not concepts. List of things in civics and economics. Experts recommend the use of spaced learning technique. Spaced learning as the name signifies means you understand the concept and keep coming back to it after intervals. Like you read it in the morning. Then you read it the evening. Then again tomorrow morning and evening. Then day after maybe once in the morning then a couple of days after that. The time you revisit the concept you want to remember will increase as days go by until you actually remember it without going back to the book. There are apps that help in organising you spaced repetition learning. The one I believe is popular is ANKISRS. Or you can make a small diary to organise your timings. There is one easy way of doing this with flash cards.

Flash cards are a great way to make notes and understand concepts. When you make flash cards remember to make them in such a way they are self explanatory. There is no prohibition on using abbreviations, drawings or symbols. Whatever makes it easy for you to remember. Whenever you have the time view a flash card and make sure you remember it. Then move to the next one. Flash cards can be used in association with spaced learning also. Like it was explained earlier you need to space out your exercises. So you make boxes. The first box is urgent. The second can be named one day. The third should be named 4th day. The next one week. And the next 2 weeks. When you believe you have memorized one flash card you put it in box number 2 - one day. The next day you memorize the cards in the urgent box and revise the ones in one day box. Now if you believe your brain has cemented the memory of the fact or concept then it goes to the other box - 4th day. You will revise these cards 4 days after you had memorized it the first time. If you get it right this time too it goes to the next box and you look at it 3 days later or one week after you had memorized it first. And then one week later. Thereafter you can revise it at one week intervals. However, in the process if you think you forgot then it goes back directly to the first box regardless of which box you picked it from. 

Flash cards are also used in a different manner. It is called the castle of LOCI technique. This method is specially helpful when you need to remember things in a sequence. So you make your flash cards and then arrange and stick them on furniture and walls in different rooms. This way whenever you walk around the house you remember what is written and after many repetitions you can then recall the cards in sequence when you imagine yourself walking through the house.

Mnemonics

Mnemonics is a system of using whatever memory triggers you have to help you remember stuff. This may include lists. For example VIBGYOR or the colours of the rainbow. Mother very dada for planets in our solar system. Image relation.

Phrases for lists
Number words for numbers like pi. Get from wiki

Flash cards

Cognitive load
ADEPT
Spaced learning
Feynman
Mnemonics
Check out some more in ever note
Brain mostly visual
VAK
Mind maps

Practice tests

Learning & Memory methods:

Feynman technique

Cognitive load

ADEPT - analogy, diagram, example, plain English, technical information 

Spaced Learning

Mnemonics

Auditory, Visual, Kinaesthetic  VAK

Flash Cards

Mind Mapping

Flash Cards

Keywords - triggers - flavours ?? can flavor trigger memories

How to improve your English

Why do you want for improve your English? What is your intenttions

Take your decision / initiative or somebody else will make the decision for you. Growth opportunity are in both there is a difference

Stimulus and response and the time in between is choice

memory techniques: Analogy : associations

flash cards

mind fort brain fort whatever

vocabulary and grammar
we cannot say this is grammar and this is vocabulary - now go play with it.

listening, reading, speaking

making idioms, building pronunciation

Hi my name is Sauban Pathan. I am a copywriter. Any body here knows what the copywriter does?

I teach English on the side. I love teaching English. Because honestly that's the one thing I know best within my skill sets. Other than sleeping of course.

How many of you came here with the intention of learning something new? 

What did the rest of you come here for?

Intention is very important. What does intention give you? Focus.

Clear intentions are necessary. You should be clear where you want to go.

alpha, beta, theta and delta states of mind

variable reward, dopamine - how to use in learning

Research by yourself independent

training : you do not have focus or creativity. - you train yourself to be focussed.
you don't have great memory - you train yourself to get the best memory possible.
the story of that idiot who failed at school - memory champion.

learning curve
forgetting curve: 48 hours

self awareness

Fear

Social mirror: looking at ourselves from others point of view. Fear of laughter or embarrassed

Story: three years ago I had a revelation. This was one of the many revelations I had. One: not to go out of India and serve Indians. Two: that the computer had been made for me. Three I was a writer at heart and four I want to teach English to everyone.

writing down 3 things you want to do with your life:
keep a diary
happiness

empathy

things i want to talk about

english speaking
self awareness
effective communicaiton
public speaking??
memory
time management
mental health
knowledge is power when you apply
happiness?


laatteerr:  marketing funnels

Creative Problem solving

From the course of edx
Find out the actors
- owner
- stakeholders
- other actors

Goals
- Problems
- Perspectives - Different actors have different perspectives and solutions. Similarly they want different solutions that give then more advantage
- criteria

Map structures of different solutions
Zero solution
What action influences criteria
+ For positive and - for negative
Make arrows to take from one criteria to the next and Mark whether the action will be positive or negative. Make a web of actions.

scenarios - create - depending on future situations

spaced learning forgetting curve

Why do we forget?

Forgetting is important for remembering. Not because we have limited space, but because the brain needs to know what needs to be remembered. The brain has its own programming to remember stuff. So things that the brain believes is not important will slowly be forgotten. Now why and how will the brain decide what is important and what is not. Well the actual decision lies with you. YOU decide what is important and what is not by the way you pay attention to it. A chance meeting after many years with an old acquaintance will be easily forgotten as compared to a meeting with a dear old friend. That is obviously because you decided somewhere in your mind the dear old friend is more important than the acquaintance. You may even remember all that was spoken at the small chance meeting with your friend, unless of course the acquaintance says something that interests you and makes you remember it better. Similarly, you will remember something that you read if you decide to remember it or are really interested in it. If you've been made to sit down and study something your heart is not really into then the chances of remembering are low.

If I am interested will I remember it?
However, when you do decide to remember something there are still chances that you will still forget it after sometime. That all depends on the amount of information your brain is receiving, the way it is being received and the priority being given to the information. Research done by Hermann Ebbinghaus shows the amount of time it takes for us to forget information. If the information is revisited before your brain stacks it somewhere in the back, where it becomes difficult to retrieve, then it becomes fresh once again. Again revisiting the information at regular intervals will make the memory stronger and you will remember it like you remember nursery rhymes even today. Memory article: xyz

Hermann Ebbinghaus recommended two ways of learning so that memory becomes easy. One was mnemonic techniques and the other spaced repetition. Memory techniques popularly used by learners have been explained in another article: xyaz. Here we learn a little bit about spaced repetition.

What is Spaced Repetition?

Experts recommend the use of spaced repetition technique simply because it is an easy tool. Spaced repetition is not the same as spaced learning so do not confuse the two. I have covered spaced learning in another blog. Spaced repetition is a rote memorizing tool to help remember something by coming back to it after regular intervals. Like you read or study a concept in the morning. Then you revise it in the evening. Then again the next morning and maybe the evening. And it goes on. The time interval you revisit the concept will increase as days go by until you actually remember it without going back to the book. You can also understand the intervals of revisiting what you need to remember by the forgetting curve. As soon as you believe you start forgetting something you need to remember, you read it or watch the video again.

There are numerous smart apps that help you in organising your spaced repetition efforts. The one that I believe is most popular is ANKISRS. Or you can make a small diary to organise your timings. There is one easy way of doing this with flash cards or the 'Flash in the box' technique. I have elaborated this technique in another article. 

memory devices

Memory is a tricky subject. People forget just about everything, yet they have the uncanny ability to remember the smallest detail about useless stuff. Like the boy who could remember the lyrics of all the latest songs but not his lessons. The name of the memory game is reason and interest. Do you have a reason to remember something and if you do are you interested in doing it.

Why do we memorize?

You have many reasons to remember anything. You want to remind someone of something like borrowed money or a birthday. Depending on your interests you try to remember what could be a good topic to discuss with your friends or a common interest like India's cricketing history. You usually do it to impress. But the reason is that you want to do it. So I will repeat what I said a couple of blogs ago. Interest is very important to remember.

How about the things we have to remember especially for exams. Names, dates, places etc. Sometimes remembering them can be tricky. In which case you use methods that have been tried and tested by memory experts.

Let me bring in another reminder from an earlier blog. The forgetting curve. 

Let's get on to the techniques to memorize.

Mnemonics

Mnemonics is a system of using whatever memory triggers you have to help you remember stuff. We have memorized using mnemonics since our childhood, when we were just kinder garten students. Remember the 'one, two buckle my shoe' poem? We were taught the poem to remember numbers.

This also works with lists. For example VIBGYOR or the colours of the rainbow. Violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red. The colours are in sequence too. Similarly, 'my very enthusiastic mother just served us noodles' is a good sentence to remember the planets in our solar system and in order. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. This is just word play. You can bring in images.

You can also use phrases to remember other lists. Like say pi. The sequence of numbers in pi can be remembered by memorizing the phrase 'Now I need a drink, alcoholic of course, after the heavy lectures involving quantum mechanics'. 

Image relation.

Image mnemonics relies heavily on associating new stuff to the stuff you already know.

If you want to remember hard words or unpronounceable names then you could make visual images of them in your mind or draw them out on paper. For example the two types of complexities of cell structures Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic, that you study in Std. 8 can be visualized by their phonetic syllables. So Pro can be a professional player, kary will be the the professional player carrying (something) and otic can be attic. The complete image is a professional (basketball) player carrying an attic. Pro-carry-otic. Similarly, Eu is you, kary is carry and otic can be attic which will make the image - You carrying an attic. You could visualize both you and your favourite professional player carrying attics on your backs.

To remember lists with images, you should try to get all the images into one frame. For example you want to remember your list of time in the ancient India. Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, neolithic, chalcolithic. You have to remember lithic that is the suffix to all the names. Then picture your pal sitting in a mess with his new charcoal. Remember to make images, whether in your head or on paper very specific. In this process don't worry if your images look ridiculous. This exercise is for you to remember and not for everyone to criticize. So be your most creative so that you remember your images.

Flash Cards

Flash cards are a great way to make notes and remember concepts. They are another good way to remember things. When you make flash cards remember to make them in such a way they are self explanatory. There is no prohibition on using mnemonic devices like acronyms or phrases and images, drawings or symbols. Whatever makes it easy for you to remember. The first advice I would like to start with is that : Always make your own flash cards. Remember to use one concept or question per flash card and break complex questions down to simpler concepts. Say the answers out loud. One side of the card can be used to write the question and the other for the answer. So when you read the question you say the answer out loud - out loud and not in your mind. Then you turn the card to check your answer. The answer can be text, or an image or a mix of both (a mnemonic) that helps to memorize the answer. If you want to remember the names and symbols of elements you will have to memorize both sides of the card so that you can name the element that represents the symbol and vice versa.

Flash cards is used by many speakers during the speech for quick reference.


Using flash cards to to label and remember items.

This is specifically used by learners of language. I encourage my students to put up labels on various furniture to learn their English names. Many people use flash cards to remember other things which they draw on the cards. Like the names of things you do not find in the house including vehicles or animals. You will remember the picture books you used to learn from while in primary school.

Flash cards can be used along with the technique of spaced learning. In case you do not know about spaced learning visit my page spaced learning and the forgetting curve.

Letting imagination go wild with mind palace

When we were kids we had the ability to imagine situations and environments around us. We could become pilots and the corridors and grounds of our apartments became airports and skies filled with clouds or highways that ran forever if we imagined ourselves as truck drivers. Many of us played teacher or hosts having an imaginary party. The mind has the ability to imagine anything and we can use this ability to remember things and lists. In a classroom the green board can be the forest, the duster - the grasslands, the cabinet in the class can be the desert, the glass of water on the teacher's desk can be water or aquatic, the desk itself can be coastal and the chair marine. That could the different types of ecosystems that appear in the natural resources chapter.

Sometimes you have to remember stuff in sequence and there is a system that you can practice inside your house. As you enter the door of your house you could label each furniture with the items on the list you want to remember. Walk through the room as many times as you have to so that you can remember the list in sequence. The furniture of the room is embedded deep in your memory anyway and the association with the item on the list becomes strong to memorize the list in sequence. When you are taking the test or exam you can imagine yourself  walking through the room and each furniture item you see can help you remember the item on the list.


Flash in the box

This is a nice trick I read someplace. Make boxes, envelopes or stacks to store flash cards (concepts/answers) you want to remember. This system of using storage of flash cards is called the Leitner System. Name the first box as 'Urgent' or 'Everyday'. The second can be named 'One Day' or 'Every Other Day'. You read and study the 'Everyday' flash card till you remember the concept or answer written on it. Once you are confident that you remember the answer, you can move that card to 'Every Other Day'. The cards in this box can be referred to in a couple of days. Once you are confident that you have memorized the answer, the card can be moved to a third box called 'Once a Week'. Refer to this card on one pre-decided day of the week. By this time you should have memorized the answer or concept pretty thoroughly and can answer the question if someone asks it to you randomly. At this time you move this card to the "Once in 2 weeks" box and then after that to "Once in a month". In this procedure if you forget the concept or are not able to answer the question on the card then that card goes back into the 'Urgent' or 'Everyday Card' and you start over again with that card.

Music, flavour and fragrance to remember

Another way scholars usually use to remember concepts is playing a certain music or song when they study something. For each concept there is a different song or piece of music. It can help you remember the concept when you hear the same song. Similarly, some students use differently abled chewing gum while studying certain concepts and when they taste flavour they remember the concept clearly. Fragrance or smell too triggers memory in similar ways. Unfortunately, most institutions do not allow you to eat, drink and hear music during examinations. And at the same time if you have keep smelling for different cans of fragrances the supervisor is going to have his suspicions about you.

flavour - chewing gum

Flash cards are also used in a different manner. It is called the castle of LOCI technique. This method is specially helpful when you need to remember things in a sequence. So you make your flash cards and then arrange and stick them on furniture and walls in different rooms. This way whenever you walk around the house you remember what is written and after many repetitions you can then recall the cards in sequence when you imagine yourself walking through the house.

Using flash cards with spaced learning

Experts recommend the use of spaced learning technique. Spaced learning as the name signifies means you understand the concept and keep coming back to it after intervals. Like you read or study a concept in the morning. Then you revise it in the evening. Then again the next morning and maybe the evening. And it goes on. The time interval you revisit the concept will increase as days go by until you actually remember it without going back to the book. 

There are apps that help in organising you spaced repetition learning. The one I believe is popular is ANKISRS. Or you can make a small diary to organise your timings. There is one easy way of doing this with flash cards.

Gaming addiction, disorder

Disraction


https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/12/6/18050680/video-game-addiction-gaming-disorder-who

WHO has recognized gaming disorder as a disease.

What is addiction?
Compare to drug addiction?
Compare to gambling disorder?
Should Gaming Disorder be qualified as addiction?

If many people are falling victim then it is something to be vary of.

Why would anyone fall into this addiction:
1. Does income make a difference
2. Environment?

What's the rush? What is the gratification they get when they play the game? Improving the mood. relaxation after a hard day's work.

In a game you havea to build a character, build a story, building a reputation, socialization with other players. Spending time together with other like minded individuals.

Could Gaming lead to gay-ness?

Could gaming be good??
Radboud University’s Games for Emotional and Mental Health Lab in the Netherlands

article ::
https://techliberation.com/2018/11/26/on-isolation-inattention-panics/?utm_source=ActiveCampaign&utm_medium=email&utm_content=To+achieve+excellence%2C+seek+failure+%5BBest+Reads%5D&utm_campaign=Weekly+Digest+%28Jan+6%29

addiction has been around in new technology since years:
around 1840s it was books - people thought books were addictive
the newspapers - 1880 - 
1910 - it was magazines
1960 - television
1980 - the SONY walkman

somewhere in between - computers???

2015 - smartphones

Academics, social critics, religious leaders, politicians and even average parents tend to panic over the same problems time and time again. The only thing that changes is the particular medium or technology that is the object of their collective ire.

Isolation and inattention panics are some of the most common “fear cycles” that we have seen repeatedly play out through the ages

Today inattention and distraction have become normal. 

“What information consumes is rather obvious,” Nobel Prize-winning economist and psychologist Herbert Simon remarked in 1971: “the attention of its recipients. Hence a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention, and a need to allocate that attention efficiently among the overabundance of information sources that might consume it.”


normal